Bible Review

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Footnote 1 - The David and Goliath Saga

These and other cases are examined in Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, edited by Jeffrey H. Tigay (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985). The present article is adapted from one of Professor Tov’s chapters in that volume.

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Footnote 3 - Hagar’s Expulsion—A Tale Twice-Told in Genesis

Scholars calculate that because Abraham was 86 when Ishmael was born (Genesis 16:16) and 100 years old when Isaac was born (Genesis 21:5), Ishmael was in his teens (about 17) at the time he went into the wilderness.

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Footnote 2 - Hagar’s Expulsion—A Tale Twice-Told in Genesis

Sarai becomes Sarah in Genesis 17:15, 16 when God tells Abraham (no longer Abram) that Sarah will be blessed with a son. “She shall be a mother of nations; kings of people shall be of her.” Sarah, a variant of Sarai, means “princess.”

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Footnote 1 - Hagar’s Expulsion—A Tale Twice-Told in Genesis

Abram does not become Abraham until Genesis 17:4, 5 when God makes a covenant with Abram and marks the new relationship by a change of name. God says: “No longer shall your name be Abram (the exalted father), but your name shall now be Abraham.” Abraham, is here taken to mean father of a multitude of nations.