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Endnote 4 - Peter in Rome

Quoted in Eusebius, History of the Church 2.25.

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Endnote 3 - Peter in Rome

Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.3,2.

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Endnote 2 - Peter in Rome

Ignatius’s theological emphasis on unity with a monarchic bishop as key to defending churches against heresty in Asia Minor (see Ignatius, Ephesians 4.1-6.1) would lead one to expect such a move.

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Endnote 1 - Peter in Rome

1 Clement 5.4.

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Endnote 7 - Peter: How a Flawed Disciple Became Jesus’ Successor on Earth

Eusebius, History of the Church 2.14.5. See Joseph A. Fitzmyer, Acts of the Apostles, Anchor Bible Series 31 (New York: Doubleday, 1998), pp. 489–490.

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Endnote 6 - Peter: How a Flawed Disciple Became Jesus’ Successor on Earth

John H. Elliott, 1 Peter, Anchor Bible Series 37B (New York: Doubleday, 2000), pp. 86–88.

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Endnote 5 - Peter: How a Flawed Disciple Became Jesus’ Successor on Earth

The chronology of Paul’s letters continues to be disputed. See Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), pp. 29–32.

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Endnote 4 - Peter: How a Flawed Disciple Became Jesus’ Successor on Earth

For detailed analysis, see Brown (Death, pp. 264–279). Since Mark has an anonymous member of the crowd as sword wielder and Peter’s use of a sword appears to contradict Jesus’ comment in John 18:36 (though Jesus has rebuked Peter), the likely truth of the matter is that some member of the arresting group had the sword.