Bible Review

For modern stories about Helena, see e.g. Evelyn Waugh’s Helena (London: Chapman & Hall, 1950) and the recently published Priestess of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley and Diana L. Paxson (New York: Viking, 2001).

More specifically, near the church of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro at the Via Labicana, to which she had made donations. For her mausoleum see Jürgen J. Rasch, Das Mausoleum der Kaiserin Helena in Rom un der ‘Tempio della Tosse’ in Tivoli (Mainz: Von Zabern, 1998).

Eusebius, Life of Constantine 3.46. The abrupt interruption in the issue of Helena Augusta coins in the spring of 329 suggests that she died either at the end of 328 or the beginning of 329.

Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 5.

Itinerary of Egeria 37.1–3, 48.1

Hunt, “Constantine and Jerusalem,” p. 413.

For a fuller survey of the scholarly discussion on this, see e.g. Drijvers, Helena Augusta and E.D. Hunt, “Constantine and Jerusalem,” The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 48 (1997), pp. 413–416.

The fifth-century church historian Socrates reports that three crosses, including that of Christ, were found in Christ’s tomb; Socrates, Church History 1.17.

Eusebius, Life of Constantine 3.30.

Eusebius, Life of Constantine 3.28. On Jesus’ tomb see Martin Biddle, The Tomb of Christ (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1999).