Bible Review

A recent study of this interpretive tradition is Steven R. Haynes, Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002).

Hartley’s words inspired the title of David Lowenthal’s influential book, The Past Is a Foreign Country (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985).

It should be noted, perhaps with some surprise, that in his recent commentary on 1 Enoch, one prominent scholar dismisses the notion that any of the Greek fragments is from this pseudepigraphic book. George Nickelsburg, 1 Enoch 1: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch, Chapters 1–36, 81–108, Hermeneia series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), pp. 10–11.

Muro’s findings are described and illustrated in great detail on his Web site, www.breadofangels.com.

The original French reads “Papyrus fin, très abîmé, et disloqué à droite” (DJD 3, p. 144).

For a translation from the Ethiopic, the only version that contains the entire book, see Ephraim Isaac, “1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983), vol. 1, pp. 5–89, esp. pp. 72–89.

They conclude that 7Q4.1, 7Q8, 7Q12, and 7Q14 contain text from 1 Enoch 103:3–8, 12; 7Q4.2 contains text from 98:11 or 105:17; 7Q11 contains text from 100:12; and 7Q13 contains text from 103:12. Thus, their identifications include only two pieces listed by the Spanish scholar (7Q4 and 7Q8)—but not the other seven (7Q5, 7Q6.1, 7Q6.2, 7Q7, 7Q9, 7Q10, and 7Q15).

Ernest Muro, “The Greek Fragments of Enoch from Qumran Cave 7 (7Q4, 7Q8, & 7Q12 = 7QEn gr = Enoch 103:3–4, 7–8),” Revue de QumraÆn 18:70 (1997), pp. 307–312.

David Estrada and William White, The First Testament (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1978).