Biblical Archaeology Review

Biblical Archaeology Review is the flagship publication of the Biblical Archaeology Society. For more than 40 years it has been making the world of archaeology in the lands of the Bible come alive for the interested layperson. Full of vivid images and articles written by leading scholars, this is a must read for anyone interested in the archaeology of the ancient Near East.

Footnote 1 - Strata: Mud-Crusted Mummy

Contradicting the earlier DNA analysis, radiological bone analysis now identifies the individual as a “probable female,” 26–35 years old.

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Endnote 1 - Epistles: Biblical Profile: The Birth of Noah

Numbered 1Q20 or 1QapGen. For text and English translation, see Florentino García Martínez and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls: Study Edition, vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2005), pp. 26–49. See also Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Genesis Apocryphon of Qumran Cave 1 (1Q20): A Commentary, BibOr, 18/B (Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 2004); Daniel A. Machiela, The Dead Sea Genesis Apocryphon: A New Text and Translation with Introduction and Special Treatment of Columns 13–17, STDJ 79 (Leiden: Brill, 2009).

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Endnote 5 - Epistles: Biblical Profile: The Birth of Noah

In Jubilees 4:28, she is called “Betenos, the daughter of Baraki’il.”

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Endnote 2 - Epistles: Biblical Profile: The Birth of Noah

Based on vague traces of numbering of the columns, the scroll must have been much longer, probably missing between 70 and 105 columns. See Fitzmyer, Genesis Apocryphon, p. 38.

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Endnote 4 - Epistles: Biblical Profile: The Birth of Noah

See 1 Enoch 106:1–12; incomplete references to the specialty of the newborn Noah can also be found in 1Q19 frag. 3, 4Q535, and 4Q536 frag. 2.

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Endnote 3 - Epistles: Biblical Profile: The Birth of Noah

1QapGen 2:1 mentions the “Watchers” (Aramaic: עירין) and “Holy Ones” (Aramaic: קדישין). These are the standard designations within the Dead Sea Scrolls for those who are called the “sons of God” in Genesis 6:1–4.