Biblical Archaeology Review

Ugaritic is a language that was used in northern Syria in the second millennium B.C.E.

The Tosefta is a more extensive companion collection to the Mishnah from the same period.

The Mishnah is a concise collection of laws, regulations and customs governing religious life during the latter part of the Second temple period and subsequently after its destruction. It was codified about 200 C.E., but the information it contains is considerably older.

Patach and the following kamatz and segol are vowel signs, often supplied in writing Hebrew.

See Ehud Netzer, “The Last Days and Hours at Masada,” BAR 17:06; and Jodi Magness, “Masada—Arms and the Man,” BAR 18:04.

“Carbon-14 Tests Substantiate Scroll Dates,” BAR 17:06.

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The scholarly treatment is The Temple Scroll, 3 vols. (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1977 [Hebrew], 1983 [English]); the popular treatment is The Temple Scroll: The Hidden Law of the Dead Sea Sect (New York: Random House, 1985).