Biblical Archaeology Review

E. Porada, The Art of Ancient Iran (New York, 1965), pp. 66–67, fig. 42, and p. 234, n. 46.

K. Bittel, die Feldsbilder von Yazilikaya (Bamberg, 1934), pl. 12; K. Bittel, R. Naumann, and H. Otto, Yazilikaya: Architektur, Feldsbilder, Inschriften und Kleinfunden, pp. 116–118, fig. 46; E. Akurgal, Spathethitische Bildkunst (Ankara, 1949), pp. 10–12, and The Art of the Hittites (New York, 1962), pp. 111–12, fig. 19 and pls. 76–77.

Torah means the Pentateuch or first five books of the Bible. Sometimes it is used to include the entire Hebrew Bible. In a still broader use Torah encompasses the written and the oral law both of which, according to rabbinic tradition, God revealed to Moses at Mt. Sinai.

Talmud is the interpretation and elaboration of Mishnah compiled in two centers of learning, in Israel and Babylonia, between the third and the fifth century.

Mishnah is commonly used to mean the Jewish oral law which was collected and revised by Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi in the beginning of the third century.

J. Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit, Vol. III (Paris, 1955), No. 16.146–161, pp. 182–186.

S. Yeivin, Beth Mikra, XV (1963), pp. 15f.

Horses were widely used in the Near East by the 16th century B.C.

BAR, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 1976, p. 42 (“The Promise of Ebla,” BAR 02:04); cf. C. H. Gordon, BAR, Vol. 3, No. 2, June 1977, p. 20 (“Where Is Abraham’s Ur?” BAR 03:02).

Albright’s approach was honed to a fine edge in E. A. Speiser’s Genesis in the Anchor Bible series. Cyrus H. Gordon has independently insisted on the authenticity of the patriarchal traditions.