Biblical Archaeology Review

The Nazareth Archaeological Project is a British archaeological project, sponsored by the Palestine Exploration Fund and the Late Antiquity Research Group. The project is directed by the author.

I have omitted from Vermes’s translation his parenthetical alternate translations: call himself, designate himself, proclaim himself. I have also changed his “[gran]d” to “[gr]eat” as a better rendering and one that indicates by more accurate placement of the brackets how much of the word is preserved on the fragment.

See Lawrence Schiffman, Reclaiming the Dead Sea Scrolls (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1994), pp. 278–281.

See John Meier, A Marginal Jew: Law and Love, vol. 4 (Anchor Bible Reference Library; New York: Doubleday, 2009), pp. 235–252.

This point and others in this section are worked out in more detail in my essay “The Festival of Weeks and the Story of Pentecost in Acts 2, ” in Craig Evans, ed., From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New (Peabody: Hendrickson, 2004), pp. 185–205.

For example, Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer 41.

Quotations of scrolls are from Geza Vermes, The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (New York: Penguin, 1997).

Citations of the Bible are from the New Revised Standard Version.

In the Cave 1 copy, it is in columns 1, line 16 to column 2, line 26.