Biblical Archaeology Review

Manfred Bietak, “The Archaeology of the ‘Gold of Valour,’” Egyptian Archaeology 42 (Spring 2012), pp. 32–33.

A second inscription—poorly incised probably by an illiterate engraver—essentially repeats this one.

See André Lemaire, “Trois Inscriptions Araméennes Sur Ossuaire et Leur Intérêt,” Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 147 (2003), p. 300.

Kitchen, Reliability of the Old Testament, pp. 247–248. Kitchen does not argue that these are Hebrews but points out the similarities of the description.

For the Louvre leather scroll, see Kenneth Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2003), pp. 247–248, 553. For the Anastasi papyri, see Ricardo A. Caminos, Late Egyptian Miscellanies (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1954), pp. 105–106, 188–189, 225.

Iron Oxide (Fe₂O₃), commonly known as red ochre.

Kemp, “Soil,” p. 80.

Maury E. Morgenstein and Carol A. Redmount, “Mudbrick Typology, Sources, and Sedimentological Composition: A Case Study from Tell El-Muqdam, Egyptian Delta,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 35 (1998), pp. 129–146; Robert S. Homsher, “Mud Bricks and the Process of Construction in the Middle Bronze Age Southern Levant,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 368 (2012), pp. 1–27.

The chemical analysis of the mudbrick was conducted under the direction of the late Dr. Adel Harfoosh of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Egypt.