Biblical Archaeology Review

Translated thus or similarly by S.N. Kramer, Sumerian Mythology (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 21, 1944; 2nd ed. [New York: Harper & Row, 1961]), p. 73; S.N. Kramer, From the Tablets of Sumer (Indian Hills, CO: Falcon’s Wing Press, 1963), p. 221; S.N. Kramer, History Begins at Sumer (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981), p. 109.

W.G. Lambert and A.R. Millard, Atra-h˘ası¯s: The Babylonian Story of the Flood (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p. 15. See in detail G. Komoróczy, “Work and Strike of the Gods: New Light on the Divine Society in the Sumero-Akkadian Mythology,” Oikumene 1 (1976), pp. 9–37.

Shimon Ilani, A. Rosenfeld, H.R. Feldman, W.E. Krumbein and J. Kronfeld, “Archaeometric Analysis of the ‘Jehoash Inscription’ Tablet,” Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008), pp. 2966–2972.

Shmuel Ahituv, Aaron Demsky, Yuval Goren and André Lemaire, “The Inscribed Ivory Pomegranate from the Israel Museum Examined Again,” Israel Exploration Journal 57 (2007), pp. 87–95.

In somewhat more detail, “The lower film is a biopatina skin, which may be attributed to lichens, moss, fungi, bacteria, or algae. An overlying layer of cacitic patina resulting from the re-crystallisation of calcium carbonate from groundwater, was created on the stone surface.”

The editio princeps reads “priests,” but Boaz Zissu agrees with Esther Eshel and Christopher Rollston, all three of whom came up with the conclusion independently, that the singular “priest” is more likely.

The editio princeps calls it Hebrew. However, Boaz Zissu agrees with Christopher Rollston that the language is Aramaic.

Boaz Zissu and Yuval Goren, “The Ossuary of ‘Miriam Daughter of Yeshua Son of Caiaphas, Priests [of] Ma`aziah from Beth ’Imri,’” Israel Exploration Journal 61, no. 1 (2011) [both of the “Miriam” illustrations were originally published here]. Only the “Scientific Examination” of the ossuary is attributable to Professor Goren.

Letter of June 16, 2003, from Professor Ronny Reich to Dr. Gideon Avni of the Israel Antiquities Authority.

Mishnah, Avodah Zarah 3:4.