Biblical Archaeology Review

Baruch A. Levine, Numbers 1–20, Anchor Bible 4A (New York: Doubleday, 1963), pp. 219–220; Robert P. Teachout, “The Use of Wine in the Old Testament” (Ph.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1979), pp. 135, 225, 245–247; Menahem Haran, “Myksn (Libations),” Encyclopaedia Biblica (1968), vol. 5, pp. 883–886; Berton Roueché, “Alcohol, I—The Christian Diversion,” New Yorker (January 9, 1960), p. 42.

Homan, “Beer, Barley, and שכר in the Hebrew Bible,” p. 29.

Chicago Assyrian Dictionary Š/2, pp. 420–428; Wolfram von Soden, Akkadisches Handworterbuch, pp. 1232–1233.

Homan, “Beer, Barley, and שכר in the Hebrew Bible,” p. 30.

Note that Lawrence E. Stager believes here that shekar refers to date-wine. See below.

J.V. Kinnier Wilson, The Nimrud Wine Lists (London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1972), p. 81.

Enuma Elish III.134–136. Note also the frequent depictions of gods with both grapes and cereals, see Charles Seltman, Wine in the Ancient World (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957), pp. 27–31, 156.

Homan, “Beer, Barley, and שכר in the Hebrew Bible,” p. 26.

Werner Dommershausen, “Nyy” Theologisches Worterbuch zum Alten Testament 3, pp. 614–620.