Biblical Archaeology Review

J.I. Dolger, Antike und Chrisentum (1941), pp. 161–195.

Cyprian, De Opere et Eleemosyne 15, p. 384.

Tertullian, Patrologia Latina, ed. J.P. Migne, 2, 1039.

Lee I. Levine, “Ancient Synagogues—A Historical Introduction” in Ancient Synagogues Revealed (IEC Publications, 1981), pp. 1–5.

Mark 14:15; Luke 22:12 Acts 10:9; Romans 16:5, 23; Colossians 4:16.

A. Orlandos, in Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique (1930), p. 49; (1936), p. 84, Fig. 15.

Clark Hopkins, The Excavations at Dura-Europos, by Mikhail Rostovtzeff (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 1934), pp. 238–253, pl. xxxix.

Yotam Tepper and Leah di Segni, A Christian Prayer Hall of the Third Century C.E. at Kefar Óthnay (Legio) (Jerusalem: IAA Publications, 2006).

The excavator and epigraphist call it a prayer hall, rather than a church, because it is not a separate building in the plan of later churches. They also prefer prayer hall to domus ecclesia (house church) because the building was owned privately rather than by the Christian community. In common parlance, however, the prayer hall would certainly be considered a church.

Dever, What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? p. 279.