Biblical Archaeology Review

There is no need to discuss the details of their complex reconstruction, as it does not impact the main arguments of this discussion.

See M. Hecker, “Water Supply of Jerusalem in Ancient Times,” p. 194; see also Z. Abels and A. Arbit, “Some New Thoughts on Jerusalem’s Ancient Water System,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 127 (1995), p. 4; and Z. Abels and A. Arbit, The City of David Water Systems, Supplement to Jerusalem’s Water Supply from the 18th Century B.C.E. to the Present (Jerusalem, 1994), p. 13.

Vincent, Underground Jerusalem, p. 16. It should be noted that at some point they put a plank halfway down the shaft, where one of the workers guided the bucket through the narrow part.

Vincent, Underground Jerusalem, p. 16.

Vincent, Underground Jerusalem, p. 16. See also Z. Abels and A. Arbit, “The City of David: Controversy Concerning a Protected Access to Water in the Middle Bronze II (MB2) Period,” in A. Faust and E. Baruch, eds., New Studies on Jerusalem, Proceedings of the 5th Conference (Ramat-Gan, 1999), p. 8.

40 feet is the height of the shaft from the point where one stands today downward.

Personal communication from Penny Warren.

Alfred E. Haynes, Man-Hunting in the Desert, Being a Narrative of the Palmer Search-Expedition (London: Cox, 1894).