Biblical Archaeology Review

See my forthcoming book, Jerusalem and the Garden of Eden (Random House). Also see my “Jerusalem as Eden,” BAR 26:03; and “Jerusalem and the Garden of Eden,” Eretz-Israel 26 (Frank Moore Cross Volume, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1999), pp. 183*–194* (English section).

J.-C. Marqueron, “Die Gärten im Vorderen Orient,” M. Carroll-Spillecke, ed., Der Garten von der Antike bis zum Mittelalter (Mainz am Rhein: Phillipp von Zabern, 1992), pp. 45–80.

King and Stager, Life in Biblical Israel, p. 109

Frank M. Cross, From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in Ancient Israel (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1998), p. 47.

Mazar, “The Historical Background of the Book of Genesis,” in S. Ahituv and B.A. Levine, eds., The Early Biblical Period: Historical Studies (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1986), p. 54, originally published in Journal of Near Eastern Studies vol. 28 (1969), pp. 73–83.

See Benjamin Mazar, “Shechem—A City of the Patriarchs,” in S. Ahituv, ed., Biblical Israel: State and People (Jerusalem: Magnes Press and Israel Exploration Society, 1992), pp. 42–54.

Manfred Bietak, Avaris: Capital of the Hyksos (London: British Museum, 1996), pp. 36–40 and fig. 30.

Canaanites who ruled Egypt for nearly a century between 1640 and 1540 B.C.E.

Ephraim Speiser, Genesis (Anchor Bible Series 1; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1964), p. 218.

See the discussion in André Lemaire, “La disposition originelle des inscriptions sur plâtre de Deir ‘Alla,” Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici, vol. 3 (1986), pp. 79–93.