Biblical Archaeology Review

So the Chronographer of the year 354, in Theodor Mommsen, ed., Chronica Minora, vol. 1, p. 146.

See Robin Haydon Darwall-Smith, Emperors and Architecture: A Study of Flavian Rome (Bruxelles: Latomus: Revue d’Études Latines, 1996), p. 78.

Martial, De Spectaculis 2.5.

The first appearance of this name is in the Liber Pontificalis, the life of Stephen III (Pope 768–772), 1.472. On the debate as to whether the word Colisaeus as used by Bede refers to the huge bronze statue (Colossus) of Nero or whether it refers to the Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum), see Howard V. Canter, “The Venerable Bede and the Colosseum,” Transactions of the American Philological Association 61 (1930), pp. 150–164, who argues convincingly for the latter view.

It is referred to as Amphitheatrum in an inscription of the Arval Brethren from the year 80 (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 6.2059=32063=Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 5049) and in the earliest Latin authors who mention the building (Martial, De Spectaculis 1.7 and 2.5; Suetonius, Vespasian 9.1, Titus 7.3, Domitian 4.1).

Bedae Opera Omnia, Jacques-Paul Miqne, Patrologia Latina 94, p. 543; Bedae Opera (Cologne, 1612), p. 482.

P. R. S. Moorey, Ur “of the Chaldees.” A Revised and Updated Edition of Sir Leonard Woolley’s Excavations at Ur (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1982), pp. 138, 263; see also H. W. F. Saggs, “Ur of the Chaldees,” Iraq 20 (1960), p. 202, n.12.

Mogens T. Larsen, The Old Assyrian City-State and its Colonies (Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1976); C.B.F. Walker, “Some Assyrians at Sippar in the Old Babylonian Period,” Anatolian Studies 30 (1980), pp. 15–22; W. F. Leemans, Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period (Leiden: Brill, 1960).

B. Groneberg, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der altbabylonischen Zeit. Repertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes 3 (Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1980), p. 247.

See Judith B. Segal, Edessa, ‘The Blessed City’ (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 3,255; A. Harrak, “The Ancient Name of Urfa,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51 (1992), pp. 209–214, suggested that Urfa was the Admum or Adme of cuneiform sources.