Biblical Archaeology Review

Biblical Archaeology Review is the flagship publication of the Biblical Archaeology Society. For more than 40 years it has been making the world of archaeology in the lands of the Bible come alive for the interested layperson. Full of vivid images and articles written by leading scholars, this is a must read for anyone interested in the archaeology of the ancient Near East.

Endnote 9 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Mishnah, Middot 2.4.

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Endnote 8 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Conrad Schick, Beit el Makdas, oder der alte Tempelplatz zu Jerusalem: Wie er jetzt ist (Jerusalem, 1887), p. 48.

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Endnote 7 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Dror Wahrman, Carney Gavin and Nitza Rosovsky, Capturing the Holy Land: M.J. Diness and the Beginnings of Photography in Jerusalem (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Semitic Museum, 1993), p. 64, pl. 12. These steps are described in detail in David Jacobson and Shimon Gibson, “A Monumental Stairway on the Temple Mount,” IEJ 45 (1995), pp. 162–170.

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Endnote 6 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Louis Lortet, La Syrie d’aujourd’hui: Voyages dans la Phénicie, le Liban et la Judée, 1875–1880 (Paris, 1884), p. 275, illus. 160.

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Endnote 5 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Compare Mishnah, Middot 2.1, with Josephus, Antiquities 15.400.

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Endnote 4 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Emil Schürer, The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.–A.D. 135), rev. ed., ed. G. Vermes, F. Millar and M. Black, 3 vols. (Edinburgh, 1973–1979), vol. 2, pp. 284–285.

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Endnote 3 - Sacred Geometry: Unlocking the Secret of the Temple Mount, Part 2

Mishnah, Middot 2.3 mentions 13 breaches that were made in the soreg by the Greek (i.e., Seleucid) kings and were then fenced up again, probably by Jonathan the Hasmonean (see Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 13.181). While Josephus states that the stone balustrade was 3 cubits high (Jewish War 5.193), the Mishnah gives its height as only 10 handbreadths, or 1.67 cubits (or 2.5 Roman feet) (Middot 2.3).