Biblical Archaeology Review

Quoted in Jocelyn M.C. Toynbee, Death and Burial in the Roman World (London: Thames and Hudson, 1982), p. 50.

Erwin Rhode, Psyche, trans. W.B. Hillis (London, 1950), p. 167.

Israel Carmi, “Rehovot Carbon Measurements III,” Radiocarbon 29 (1987), pp. 100–114; also see Joe Zias, Dror Segal and Carmi, “The Human Skeletal Remains from Masada: A Second Look,” in Masada Excavation Reports 4 (1994), pp. 366–367.

Liora Horowitz and Julian Kerbis, “Hyenas at Home,” Land and Nature 16:4 (1991), pp. 162–165.

In addition, the field diaries indicate that one or more burials were found outside the cave, thus further strengthening the view that this is simply a Roman burial ground. Along with these burials, caves were found that contained enormous amounts of animal feces, which in my opinion is evidence that animals had entered the area to scavenge the human remains.

The Nahal Hever skeletons were reburied where they had been found on May 11, 1982. Although they were already recognized as Chalcolithic, they were given a state funeral officiated by Chief Rabbi Shlomo Goren and attended by Prime Minister Menachem Begin. For the admission of error, see Nicu Haas and Hillel Natan, “Chalcolithic Burial in the Nahal Mishmar Cave,” in Excavations and Studies: Essays in Honor of Professor S. Yeivin, ed. Yohanan Aharoni (Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology, 1973), pp. 145–153.

Jerusalem Post, March 11, 1969.

Benny Morris, “Rabin and Goren,” Jerusalem Post, November 16, 1982.

These consisted of one page of handwritten notes. See Tabor, “Masada.”