Biblical Archaeology Review

See V.V. Struve, Corpus Inscriptionum Regni Bosporani (Moscow: Academy of Science, 1965; in Russian and Greek), no. 1123.

Strabo, Geography III 7.4.5.

This is the clear implication from Tosefta Baba Batra 1, 11: “A tomb which is encompassed by a city from four sides … more than fifty cubits to here and fifty cubits to there—is not removed, less than that—is removed.”

J.T. Milik, “La Topographie de Jerusalem vers la fin de l’époque Byzantine,” Melanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph 37 (1960–1961), pp. 127–189.

On the Georgian version, see G. Garitte, La Prise de Jerusalem par les Perses en 614 (CSCO 202–203, Scriptores Iberici 11–12; Louvain, 1960). On the Arabic versions, see Garitte, Expugnationis Hierosolymae A.D. 614, Recensiones Arabicae, I, A et B (CSCO 340–341, Scriptores Arabici 26–27; Louvain, 1973); II, C et V (CSCO 347–348, Scriptores Arabici 28–29; Louvain, 1974).

The form l’dnnm is difficult to construe as singular (“to their lord”), for which we would expect l’dnm, regardless of whether the suffix was -nm or -m (both of which are known in Phoenician).

This is the meaning of the Aramaic phrase lh\yy npsûh, “for the life of his soul,” as shown (for example) by the Akkadian napisûtam bullutu, “to spare one’s life.”