Biblical Archaeology Review

In fact, there were no archery units in a Roman legion. See Jeffrey L. Davies, “Roman Arrowheads from Dinorben and the Sagittarii of the Roman Army,” Britannia 12 (1981), pp. 260–262.

At Masada several hundred were found. See Jodi Magness, “The Weapons of Masada,” in Report on Masada Excavations, ed. Ehud Netzer (forthcoming).

This happened at Jotapata, see Josephus, The Jewish War 3.340ff.

In the talmudic (Byzantine) period, the site of Gamla was within the area of Christian influence. On the ridge overlooking the site, near the present-day parking lot, a fortified Byzantine monastery exists—Deir Qaruh. Opposite Gamla to the south, on the slope of the Daliyot River, a small Christian Byzantine village was discovered by Shmarya Gutmann.

Josephus, The Jewish War 4.80.

Josephus, The Jewish War 4.76.

Josephus, The Jewish War 4.64–65, 67.

Josephus, The Jewish War 4.23–26.

Josephus, The Jewish War 4.20.

Mishnah Arachin 9:6; Tosefta Arachin 5:17.