Biblical Archaeology Review

Josephus, The Jewish War 2.463.

Josephus, The Jewish War 2.454.

Finn, “The God-fearers Reconsidered,” pp. 82–83.

Other references in Philo are less clear. In his Life of Moses (2.4.20–24), where he declares that Jewish institutions have won the attention of the whole inhabited world, he singles out the respect which all peoples have for the Sabbath and for the Day of Atonement. We may suggest that the fact that he selects these two observances, whereas a proselyte is required to observe all the commandments, would seem to indicate that we are dealing with “sympathizers.”

Samuel Belkin, Philo and the Oral Law (Cambridge, Mass., 1940), p. 47.

Philo, Questions on Exodus 2.2, commenting on Exodus 22:20 (21) and Exodus 23:9.

Thomas M. Finn, “The God-fearers Reconsidered,” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 47 (1985), p. 81.

As Jakob Bernays had postulated in “Die Gottesfurchtigen bei Juvenal,” Commentationes philologicae in honorem Theodor Mommsen (Berlin, 1877), pp. 563–569.

Feldman, “Jewish ‘Sympathizers’ in Literature,” pp. 200–208.

Juvenal, 14.96–99.