Biblical Archaeology Review

See B. Cunliffe, Roman Bath (Oxford, 1969), p. 129, Fig. 31.

Antoninus, Itinerarium, 7 (Corpus christianorum, series latina 175, Turnhout [1967], p. 132), trans. J. Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (Warminster, 1977), p. 81.

See E. V. Hulse, “The Nature of Biblical ‘Leprosy’ and the Use of Alternative Medical Terms in Modern Translations of the Bible,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 107 (1975), pp. 87–105.

Epiphanius, Panarion haer. 30, 7 (Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte, Epiphanius I [Leipzig, 1915], p. 342). From this source we learn of the practice of mixed bathing in the therapeutic thermae of Hammat Gader.

Eunapius, Vit. Soph. (Loeb Classical Library), pp. 368, 370.

Mordecai Margalioth, ed., Sefer harazim, (Jerusalem, 1966). The directions for sun worship are in the account of the fourth heaven. Margalioth reconstructed the book mainly from fragments found in the genizah of the old synagogue of Cairo. The original was probably about contemporary with the Palestinian synagogue mosaics referred to in the previous endnote.

Hershel Shanks, Judaism in Stone (Washington, 1979), pp. 16, 112–114, 125, 127, 129, 130, 149.

See Saul Lieberman, Hellenism in Jewish Palestine (Texts and Studies of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America 18, 2nd ed. [New York, 1962]), pp. 214–15, supplementing the evidence already given in his Greek in Jewish Palestine (New York, 1942), pp. 137–38.

Nahman Avigad, “Hotem,” Encyclopaedia Biblica III (1958), pp. 68–86 and plate 3. Further examples may be found in Stanley Cook, The Religion of Ancient Palestine in the Light of Archaeology (London, 1930), pp. 48–52 and plates VI–IX, XII, XIII, XV.

For the archaeological evidence for Syria, Transjordan and Palestine see Henri Seyrig, “Antiquités Syriennes 95, Le Culte du Soleil en Syrie à l’époque Romaine,” Syria 48 (1971), pp. 337–373. Reference has already been made to Nabataean sun worship on the roofs of houses.