Biblical Archaeology Review

J. Garstang, Joshua–Judges, London 1931, pp. 121, 165.

H. Frankfort, Town Planning Review 21 (1950), pp. 103–104.

There is the additional difficulty that the patriarchal traditions simply do not lend themselves to synchronization with specific historical or archaeological periods, as recently revealed in detail by Thomas L. Thompson, The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives: the Quest for the Historical Abraham (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1974) and John Van Seters, Abraham in History and Tradition (New Haven: Yale, 1975).

Norman K. Gottwald, Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociology of the Religion of Liberated Israel, 1250–1000 B.C. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books), 2 vols., in press.

Thus, Sabatino Moscati, in a 1969 study, states: “There is a direction of movement constantly repeated throughout the centuries, namely, the movement from the centre towards the outskirts, from the Arabian desert towards the surrounding regions.” (The Semites in Ancient History; An Inquiry into the Settlement of the Beduin and their Political Establishment (Cardiff: Univ. of Wales Press), 29.)

Lawrence Krader, “Pastoralism,” International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences 11 (1968), p. 458.

Other kinds of nomads are artisan or merchant nomads (an example of the latter are gypsies; perhaps we should more appropriately call this type of nomadism “group itineracy”).

Op. cit., p. 24.