Archaeology Odyssey

Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, trans. David Lorton, (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1999), p. 27.

Troy, Patterns of Queenship, p. 70. Troy asserts that this happens no later than the construction of the Abydos mortuary temple of Seti I; see also Amice M. Calverley and Alan Henderson Gardiner, The Temple of Sethos I at Abydos, vol. I (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1933), pls. 17 ff.

Troy, Patterns of Queenship, p. 70.

Troy, Patterns of Queenship, p. 75.

Troy, Patterns of Queenship, pp. 76, 86, 180.

Ann M. Roth first proposed the hypothesis that deceased women were believed to assume a masculine postmortem identity before re-assuming their femininity with the help of their own feminine tomb images in “Father Earth, Mother Sky: Ancient Egyptian Beliefs about Conception and Fertility,” in Alison Rautman, ed., Reading the Body: Representations and Remains in the Archaeological Record (Philadelphia: 2000), pp. 199–200.

James P. Allen, Genesis in Egypt: The Philosophy of Ancient Egyptian Creation Accounts, Yale Egyptological Studies 2 (New Haven: 1988), p. 34.

Hornung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt, trans. John Baines (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1982), pp. 155–156.

Alexandre Piankoff, “The Sky-Goddess Nut and the Night Journey of the Sun,” JEA 20 (1934), pp. 57–61.

See Troy, Patterns of Queenship, pp. 25–30; and Gay Robins, Women in Ancient Egypt (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1993), p. 17.