Bible Review

Ze’ev Herzog, “A Complex of Iron Age Wine Presses (Strata XIV-XIII),” in Herzog, Rapp and Negbi, Excavations at Tel Michal, Israel, p. 74.

This proved useful because wine could be made, and rainwater stored, in carved cisterns.

Rafael Frankel, “Screw Weights from Israel,” in Oil and Wine Production in the Mediterranean Area, ed. Marie-Claire Amouretti and Jean-Pierre Brun, Bulletin du correspondance hellénique; Supplement 26 (1993), pp. 106–118. Also, see two good examples of these from ‘Azzun, in Israel Roll and Etan Ayalon, “Two Large Wine Presses in the Red Soil Regions of Israel,” PEQ 113 (1981), pp. 111–125.

Rudolf Weinhold, Vivat Bacchus (Zurich: Stauffacher, 1975), p. 154.

Shimon Dar, Landscape and Pattern: An Archaeological Survey of Samaria, 800 B.C.E.–636 B.C.E, British Archaeology Reports, International Series 308 (1986).

One field tower, dating to the eighth century B.C.E., stands atop a mound at Tell Beit Mirsim (William F. Albright, The Excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim III, Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 21–22 [1943], p. 41).

Defensive towers have been found at Hazor, Tell Beit Mirsim, Tell Batash and Jerusalem.