Bible Review

Gershon Edelstein and Mordecai Kislev, “Mevasseret Yerushalayim: The Ancient Settlement and Its Agricultural Terraces,” Biblical Archaeologist 44 (1981)

C.H.J. de Geus, “The Importance of Archaeological Research into the Palestinian Agricultural Terraces with an Excursus on the Hebrew Word gbi,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly (PEQ) 107 (1975), p. 67.

See Amos 9:5, where the hills drip sweet wine, and Jeremiah 31:5, where vineyards will again dot the hills of Samaria. Such hills enabled economic prosperity.

Vines take three years of care before they bear fruit, whereas olive trees take five to six years, and fig trees three to four years (Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of Cultivated Plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley [Oxford: Clarendon, 1988], pp. 143, 137, 150, respectively).

Theophrastus (370–285 B.C.E.), Enquiry into Plants; Marcus Cato (234–149 B.C.E.), de Agricultura; Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 B.C.E.), Res Rusticae; Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro (70–19 B.C.E.), Georgics; Lucius Junus Moderatus Columella (mid-first century C.E.), de Re Rustica.

Danna Nolan Fewell and David Miller Gunn, “Compromising Redemption: Relating Characters in the Book of Ruth,” in Literary Currents in Biblical Criticism (Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox, 1990), pp. 100–101.

Cynthia Ozick, Metaphor and Memory (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989), pp. 252, 256.

Nehama Aschkenasy, “Language as Female Empowerment in Ruth,” in Reading Ruth: Contemporary Women Reclaim a Sacred Story, ed. Judith A. Kates and Gail Twersky Reimer (New York: Ballantine, 1994), p. 113.

Jack W. Sattel, “The Inexpressive Male: Tragedy or Sexual Politics?” in Men’s Lives, ed. Michael S. Kimmel and Michael A. Messner (New York: Macmillan, 1989), p. 375.

Campbell Leaper et al., “Self-Disclosure and Listener Verbal Support in Same-Gender and Cross-Gender Friends’ Conversations,” Sex Roles 33 (1995), p. 388.