Bible Review

The three Targums to Genesis 22:10.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan to Genesis 22:14. The other two Targums, namely Neofiti and the Fragmentary Targum, use “the glory of the Shekinah of the Lord.” There is little difference between these two expressions.

The three Targums to Genesis 22:10.

G. F. Moore, Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era, Vol. 1 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1932), p. 539.

The treatment of Jewish mysticism has undergone a similar transformation in contemporary scholarship; it is now regarded as a major component of Jewish history owing largely to the researches of Gershom Scholem and his students.

See F. M. Cross, “Notes on the Ammonite Inscription from Tell Siran,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 212 (1973), esp. p. 15, where the title on the Tell Siran bottle and the Amman citadel inscription are discussed.

See Alexander Rofé’s comments, Israel Exploration Journal (1982), pp. 129–133. I have anticipated such views in the paper cited in note 2.

For a detailed discussion (and photograph) of the fragment of Samuel, see F. M. Cross, “The Ammonite Oppression of the Tribes of Gad and Reuben: Missing Verses from 1 and 2 Found in 4QSamuel^a,” in History, Historiography, and Interpretation, H. Tadmor and M. Weinfeld, eds. (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1983), pp. 148–158.

See F. M. Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1976), p. 266 and references.

In the case of Ecclesiastes, it is not without interest that the book has proven to be much earlier than scholars generally have thought. A copy of the work from about 200 B.C. is known from QumraÆn, and a date for its composition as early as the Persian Period is not excluded.