Bible Review

B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) and C.E. (Common Era) are the scholarly alternate designations corresponding to B.C. and A.D.

“Nahal” is the Hebrew word for a wadi.

“Wadi” is the Arabic word for a dry riverbed that occasionally flows with seasonal rains.

See the discussion in Hugh G.M. Williamson, “Laments at the Destroyed Temple,” BR 06:04.

See Philip J. King, “The Great 8th Century,” BR 05:04.

See Philip J. King, “The Great Eighth Century,” BR 05:04.

Verse citations refer to the traditional Hebrew text. See, for example, the New Jewish Publication Society translation (Philadelphia, 1985).

The Mishnah and the Talmud are the source of traditional Jewish law, which took shape in the centuries following the Roman conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. The Talmud is thus considerably later than the Qumran texts, such as MMT.

B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) and C.E. (Common Era) are the scholarly alternate designations corresponding to B.C. and A.D.

See Raphael Levy, “First ‘Dead Sea Scroll’ Found in Egypt Fifty Years Before Qumran Discoveries,” BAR 08:05.