Biblical Archaeology Review

The exception is an iron knife from Hama which was not found in this Mycenaean IIIC1 context.

See 13th century B.C. iron sickle illustrated in “The Israelite Occupation of Canaan,” BAR 08:03.

There are a number of minor deposits—in the Makhtesh southwest of the Dead Sea, in the Galilee and in the Wadi Arabah—but the only major ore deposit is that at Mugharat el Wardeh in the vicinity of Ajlun, about 20 miles north-northwest of Amman, a deposit that would be exploited today were it not so inaccessible.

A tuyère is an opening in a furnace through which a blast of air enters, facilitating combustion.

Pure copper metallurgy developed to a high degree, not only in the old world from Eastern Europe to Pakistan but even in North America.

The Iron Age is subdivided into Iron Age I (1200–1000 B.C.), Iron Age II (1000–586 B.C.), and, sometimes, Iron Age III (586–330 B.C.).

The Bronze Age is subdivided into Early Bronze (3200–2000 B.C.), Middle Bronze (2000–1550 B.C.) and Late Bronze (1550–1200 B.C.). Each of these is also further subdivided.

See Cafarnao, Vol. IV (I graffiti della casa di S. Pietro) by Emmanuele Testa (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1972); and James F. Strange “The Capernaum and Herodium Publications, Part 2, ” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 233 (1979), pp. 68–69.

The Estrangelo alphabet is one of the most common of the Syriac alphabets. It probably first came into use in the first or second century A.D. and was most common in the third and fourth centuries A.D. Although its frequency then declined, it is still in use today.

A sacristy is a room or building connected with a religious house, in which the sacred vessels, vestments, etc., are kept.