Biblical Archaeology Review

Hershel Shanks, “John the Baptist’s Cave???” BAR 30:06.

Hershel Shanks, “The Siloam Pool,” BAR 31:05.

ANET 378, trans. John Wilson.

Rubin, “Brit Milah: A Study of Change in Customs,” pp. 87–97.

Shaye J.D. Cohen, The Beginnings of Jewishness (Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1999), p. 225.

Nissan Rubin, “Brit Milah: A Study of Change in Custom,” in Elizabeth W. Mark, ed., The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite (Hanover, NH: Univ. Press of New England for the Brandeis Univ. Press, 2003), pp. 87–89.

Robert G. Hall, “Circumcision,” in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 1 (New York: Doubleday, 1992), p. 53; B.W. Winter, Seek the Welfare of the City: Christians as Benefactors and Citizens (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994), pp. 147–152.

Jonathan Z. Smith, Imagining Religion: From Babylon to Jonestown (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 1982), p. 10.

F. Jonckheere, “La Circonsion [sic] des Anciens Egyptiens,” Centaurus 1 (1951), p. 228; J.M. Sasson, “Circumcision in the Ancient Near East,” Journal of Biblical Literature 85 (1966), pp. 473–476.

Propp, “The Origins of Infant Circumcision in Israel,” p. 357.