Biblical Archaeology Review

Although the upper part of the yod and most of the shin are damaged, they are nevertheless legible.

The Ahiram Sarcophagus has a similar lotus border. See Moscati, Phoenicians, p. 27.

A very similar four-winged beetle can be seen on a bracelet pictured in Moscati, Phoenicians, p. 382.

Moscati, Phoenicians, p. 437.

See Sabatino Moscati, ed., The Phoenicians (Milan: Bompiani, 1988), pp. 437–446.

Discussion and literature may be found in E. Lipinski, “שמש s̆æmæs̆,” Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament 8 (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1994), pp. 306–314.

My colleague Lawrence Stager called this passage and its application to the winged sun disk to my attention.

For a discussion of the scarab (dung beetle) iconography popular in Israel, see Sass, in Studies in the Iconography of Northwest Semitic Inscribed Seals, ed. Sass and C. Uehlinger (Fribourg: University Press, 1992), pp. 214–219. On the significance of the scarab in Egypt, see H. Bonnet, “Skarabaeus,” in Reallexikon der ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte (Berlin: DeGruyter, 1952), pp. 720–722 and references.

See Jo Ann Hackett et al., “Defusing Pseudo-Scholarship: The Siloam Inscription Ain’t Hasmonean,” BAR 23:02.

See David Ussishkin, “The Destruction of Lachish by Sennacherib and the Dating of the Royal Judean Storage Jars,” Tel Aviv 4 (1977), pp. 28–60.