Biblical Archaeology Review

Gordon Loud, Megiddo II (Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1948), pl. 229:24.

Samuel Wolff, “Maritime Trade at Punic Carthage” (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1986).

The report, “Analysis by Atomic Absorption,” is by Nimrod Shay and Maurice Fontain.

For further discussion of the mina, see Stern, “Weights and Measures.”

Ephraim Stern, “Weights and Measures,” Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1971), vol. 16, cols. 375–392.

Middle Bronze scarabs have been found in first-millennium contexts in Ibiza and Sicily. Indeed, a Middle Bronze Age scarab was recently found in a Late Roman tomb dating to the third to fourth centuries C.E. at Moza ‘Illit in Israel.

According to Daphne Ben-Tor, “Interlocking scrolls and spiral designs are common on scarabs found at Middle Bronze Age Canaanite sites … The design found on the Dor bullae is also typical of Middle Kingdom-Middle Bronze Age patterns not found on other scarabs. A close parallel to the patterns occurring on the Dor bullae [is] found on Middle Bronze Age scarabs from Megiddo.” We may add that this same pattern occurs on scarabs from Dor and from nearby Tel Mevorakh in this same period.

The weaves were identified by Avigail Shefer.

The cloth was analyzed by Carmela Shimoni of the Israeli Fiber Institute in Jerusalem.

Raban, “Sea Peoples.”