Biblical Archaeology Review

Biblical Archaeology Review is the flagship publication of the Biblical Archaeology Society. For more than 40 years it has been making the world of archaeology in the lands of the Bible come alive for the interested layperson. Full of vivid images and articles written by leading scholars, this is a must read for anyone interested in the archaeology of the ancient Near East.

Endnote 3 - Bad Timing

The publication cited in endnote 1 indicates that this roundel was made and engraved on a lathe. This, too, is wrong. Lathes that could perform such tasks did not exist in the Hellenistic age. See Paul Craddock and Janet Lang, “Spinning, Turning, Polishing,” Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society (1983) 17/2 pp. 79–81; Robert S. Woodbury, “The Origins of the Lathe,” Scientific American 208:4 (1963), p. 132, and Studies in the History of Machine Tools: History of the Lathe to 1850(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972).

Endnote 2 - Bad Timing

The development of trigonometry enabled mathematicians to make precise calculations for the markings on the sundials. Crude sundials—basically a vertical object (even a tree or a person would suffice) are known from as early as 1500 B.C.E. in Egypt.

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