Biblical Archaeology Review

The four test results are (1) 1129–1000 B.C.; (2) 1128–1042 B.C.; (3) 1208–1121 B.C.; (4) 1259–1129 B.C.

Mazar, “Chronology,” p. 161.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 183.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 183; and Amihai Mazar, “Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein,” Levant 29 (1997), p. 160.

Yadin, Hazor, p. 187.

Yigael Yadin, Hazor: The Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible (New York: Random House, 1975), p. 202.

Finkelstein, “Archaeology,” p. 177.

Israel Finkelstein, “The Archaeology of the United Monarchy,” Levant 28 (1996), p. 178.

Bargil Pixner, “Jerusalem’s Essene Gateway,” BAR 23:03; and “The History of the ‘Essene Gate’ Area,” Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins 105 (1989), pp. 99–102.

Hillel Geva, “The Camp of the Tenth Legion in Jerusalem: An Archaeological Reconsideration,” Israel Exploration Journal 34 (1984), pp. 239–254; and “Jerusalem,” in Ephraim Stern, ed. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (Jerusalem: Simon and Schuster, 1993), pp. 759–761.