Biblical Archaeology Review

Barclay, The City of the Great King, pp. 489–491. This gate, one of the five original Temple Mount entrances, has been identified by modern scholars as the “Kiponus Gate” cited in the Mishnah, Middoth, 1:3. For additional information, photographs and a reconstructed drawing of Barclay’s Gate, see Meir Ben-Dov, In the Shadow of the Temple: The Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem (Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1985), pp. 140–144.

The following recent and controversial books both discuss Timotheus’s letter: Norman Golb, Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search for the Secret of Qumran (New York: Scribner, 1995), pp. 105–110; Neil Asher Silberman, The Hidden Scrolls: Christianity, Judaism, and the War for the Dead Sea Scrolls (New York: Grosset/Putnam, 1994), pp. 35–36.

The significance of this letter was first observed by Otto Eissfeldt, “Der Anlass zur Entdeckung der Höhle und ihr ähnliche Vorgänge aus älterer Zeit,” Theologische Literaturzeitung 10 (1949), pp. 597–600. A readily available English translation of this document may be found in, Yigael Yadin, The Temple Scroll: The Hidden Law of the Dead Sea Sect (London: Weidenfelf and Nicolson, 1985), pp. 98–99.

Accounts of the discovery of Cave 4 are found in Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls, pp. 43–44; and Millar Burrows, More Light on the Dead Sea Scrolls (New York: Viking Press, 1958), p. 28.

See The Oldest Gold in the World—Varna, Bulgaria (Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1994).

See Claire Epstein, “Aspects of Symbolism in Chalcolithic Palestine,” Archaeology in the Levant, ed. P.R.S. Moorey and P.J. Parr (Warminster, Eng.: Aris and Phillips, 1978).

See “Ancient Ivory—The Story of Wealth, Decadence and Beauty,” BAR 11:05.

See Michael Avi-Yonah and Abraham Malamat, Views of the Biblical World, vol. 3, p. 159.