Biblical Archaeology Review

John A. Brinkman, Prelude to Empire: Babylonian Society and Politics, 747–626 B.C. (Philadelphia: University Museum, 1984).

Cogan and Tadmor, II Kings, pp. 190–192, 198–200.

Nadav Na’aman, “Forced Participation in Alliances in the Course of the Assyrian Campaigns to the West,” in M. Cogan and I. Eph’al, eds., Ah, Assyria … Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1991), pp. 80–98.

Michael C. Astour, “Chedorlaomer,” The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1994), vol. 1, p. 893.

Kitchen, “Genesis 12–50 in the Near Eastern World,” p. 73.

Kenneth A. Kitchen, “Genesis 12–50 in the Near Eastern World,” in R.S. Hess, P.E. Satterthwaite, and G.J. Wenham, eds., He Swore an Oath: Biblical Themes from Genesis 12–50 (Cambridge: Tyndale House, 1993), p. 76.

For example, the reminiscences of Mycenean society in the Homeric epics; see Emily Vermeule, Greece in the Bronze Age (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, 1972), pp. 309–312. For examples of historical memories preserved for several hundreds of years in African and Eskimo oral traditions, see Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition (Middlesex: Penguin, 1973), p. 209, n. 48.

A recently published Akkadian text from Late Bronze Age Emar describes king Pilsu-Dagan of Emar as “king of the people of the land of Qiri,” perhaps the land recalled by Amos as the Aramean homeland; for this interpretation, see Ran Zadok, “Elements of Aramean Pre-History,” in Mordechai Cogan and Israel Eph’al, eds., Ah, Assyria … Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1991), p. 114.

Abraham Malamat, “The Proto-History of Israel: A Study in Method,” in C.L. Meyers and M. O’Connor, eds., The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1983), p. 306.