Biblical Archaeology Review

Early in the century, the German archaeologist Gotlieb Schumacher excavated a trench to the west of these buildings, wherein he found additional walls oriented slightly clockwise to other walls. These walls may also be part of the pre-ninth-century structure. Schumacher published a plan of these walls where the difference in orientation, in the area he called the jungeres Gemauer, can easily be seen. The plan is reprinted in the technical version of this paper, cited at the end of this article.

Megiddo 1, figure 123.

John S. Holladay, “The Stables of Ancient Israel,” in The Archaeology of Jordan and Other Studies, ed. L.T. Geraty and L.G. Herr (Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews Univ. Press, 1986).

Even before Yadin’s excavations, J.W. Crowfoot and Kathleen Kenyon questioned the dating of the Oriental Institute’s archaeologists. J.W. Crowfoot, “Megiddo—A Review,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly 72 (1940), pp. 132–147 (see pp. 142–147); K.M. Kenyon, “The Evidence of the Samaria Pottery and its Bearing on Finds at Other Sites,” in J.W. Crowfoot, G.M. Crowfoot and K.M. Kenyon, Samaria-Sebaste III (London, 1957), pp. 198–209 (see pp. 199–203).

James B. Pritchard, “The Megiddo Stables: A Reassessment,” in Near Eastern Archaeology in the Twentieth Century, Nelson Glueck Volume, J.A. Sanders, ed., (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970), pp. 268–276.

R.S. Lamon and G.M. Shipton, Megiddo 1 (Chicago: Oriental Institute Publications, 1939), pp. 38, 43–44.

Ussishkin attributes Palace 338 to this stratum, but other scholars would assign it to 9th-century B.C.E. Stratum IVA.

Yigael Yadin, “Megiddo of the Kings of Israel,” Biblical Archaeologist 33 (1970), pp. 66–96.

For the final publication of the results, see the following titles by Oriental Institute Publications: R.S. Lamon, The Megiddo Water System (1935); H.G. May, Material Remains of the Megiddo Cult (1935); P.L.O. Guy, Megiddo Tombs (1938); R. Lamon and G.M. Shipton, Megiddo I (1939); G. Loud, The Megiddo Ivories (1939); G. Loud, Megiddo II. Seasons of 1935–1939 (1948).

G. Schumacher, Tell el-Mutesellim 1 (Leipzig, 1908); C. Watzinger, Tell el-Mutesellim 2 (Leipzig, 1929).