Biblical Archaeology Review

PAM 43.587 and 43.588; see Eisenman and Robinson, Facsimile Edition, #1534–1535.

For the text, PAM 43.236, see Eisenman and Robinson, Facsimile Edition #1272.

The text appears on PAM 43.542. For convenient reference see Eisenman and Robinson, Facsimile Edition, #491.

As revealed already in J. T. Milik’s review of P. Wernberg-Miller, The Manual of Discipline Translated and Annotated (Leiden: Brill, 1957), Revue Biblique 67 (1960), pp. 410–416. Milik dates the text as the oldest by paleographical analysis.

James C. VanderKam, “The Dead Sea Scrolls and Christianity,” in Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. Hershel Shanks (New York: Random House, 1992), p. 196.

For a recent discussion see S. Talmon, “Waiting for the Messiah at Qumran,” in J. Neusner, W. S. Green and E. S. Frerichs (eds.), Judaisms and Their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987) pp. 111–137.

Eisenman, “A Messianic Visions,” BAR 17:06. See also Eisenman and wise, The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered (Rockport, MA: Element Books, forthcoming).

A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, prepared by Robert H. Eisenman and James M. Robinson (Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1991). In this collection the fragment is plate No. 1551, PAM 43.604. Its siglum is 4Q521.

A preliminary publication of the text by Puech is to appear in 1992 in the Revue de Qumran, vol. 15. we have not yet seen this publication.

“The ‘Pierced Messiah’ Text—An Interpretation Evaporates,” BAR 18:04.