Biblical Archaeology Review

Kathleen M. Kenyon, “The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata at Megiddo,” Levant 1 (1969), pp. 25–60.

Kenneth A. Kitchen, review article in Serapis 4 (1977/78), pp. 65–80; during conversation at the Memphis Symposium on the Exodus in April 1987, Kitchen confirmed that he still favors the lower dates.

See Rivka Gonen, “Urban Canaan in the Late Bronze Period,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 253 (1984), pp. 61–73, especially Table I on the relative sizes of LB I and LB II A towns.

The system of underground tunnels was first revealed in 1968, when, under the archaeological direction of Gideon Forester, Israel’s National Parks Authority was preparing the mountain palace-fortress, excavated in the 1960s by Father Virgilio Corbo, for tourists. The system was surveyed and partially excavated under my direction with the assistance of Shimon Arzi and the Field School in Kfar Etzion during 1973–1975. The work at the tunnels was carried out by local volunteers who stayed at the Field School.

In the summer of 1985, we excavated the inside of the western tower. It is not as well preserved as the eastern one. Although its northern side stands the full 36-foot height, the southern side is entirely missing. There are signs (remains of arches) of the tower having been divided into two floors, and it too was used as an olive-oil factory. A tunnel, built by us, now connects the two towers under the street, and one can visit both towers and the Roman square without having to go above ground.

Basil Hennessy, “Preliminary Report on Excavations at the Damascus Gate, 1964–6,” Levant (Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem) 11 (1970), p. 22.

R. W. Hamilton, “Excavations Against the North Wall of Jerusalem, 1937–38,” Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine 10 (1940), pp. 1–57.

William F. Albright, The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and Their Decipherment (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1969); Frank Moore Cross, “The Evolution of the Alphabet,” Eretz-Israel 8 (1967) p. 12; and Joseph Naveh, Early History of the Alphabet (Jerusalem. Magnes Press, Hebrew Univ., 1982).

William M. Flinders Petrie, Researches in Sinai (New York: Dutton 1906); see also Beit-Arieh, “Fifteen Years in Sinai,” BAR 10:04; and Beit-Arieh, “Serabit el-Khadim: New Metallurgical and Chronological Aspects,” Levant 17 (1985), pp. 89–116.

U. Armer, “Ancient Cult Sites in the Negev and Sinai Deserts,” Tel Aviv 11 (1984), pp. 115–131.