Biblical Archaeology Review

Hans Conzelmann, A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Fortress Press: Philadelphia, 1975), p. 221.

M. T. Thrall, The 1st and 2nd Letters of Paul to the Corinthians (Cambridge University Press, 1965).

William Barclay, The Letters to the Corinthians (Westminster Press: Philadelphia, 1956).

Revised Standard Version and New English Bible.

For the inventory of finds (now much enlarged), see B. Bayer, The Material Relics of Music in Ancient Palestine and its Environs: An Archaeological Inventory (Tel Aviv, Israel Music Institute, 1963). A summary in English, with respect to the Biblical and Second Temple traditions, can be found in the first part of the central article, “Music,” of the Encyclopedia Judaica (Jerusalem, 1972).

Ovid R. Sellers, “Musical Instruments of Israel,” The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. IV/3 (Sept. 1941), pp. 33–47. Also in The Biblical Archaeologist Reader (I), ed G. E. Wright and D. N. Freedman (Garden City, N.Y. 1961), pp. 82–83.

C. H. Kraeling and L. Mowry, “Music in the Bible,” The New Oxford History of Music, I: Ancient and Oriental Music, ed. E. Wellesz (London, 1957), p. 295.

Note that the word for fire in Ugaritic is always isût, and that the regular form in Akkadian is isûatu.

Since many cuneiform signs can be used to write the same syllable sound, Assyriologists have a system of subscript numbers to identify the sign from transliteration. Where no widely accepred number is customary, Assyriologists write the syllabic value with an x subscript.

Cf., e.g., R. Labat, Manuel d’Epigraphie Akkadienne (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1963), p. 149 #152.