Biblical Archaeology Review

See, e.g. ANET, pp. 227–28.

See, for example, “The Admonitions of Ipuwer,” iii, 1 in J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (2nd ed., Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1955—hereafter cited as ANET), p 441.

Lapp, op. cit., cited in fn. 5, p. 93.

J. Bottéro, “Syria During the Third Dynasty of Ur,” Cambridge Ancient History (3rd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1971—hereafter cited as CAH³), I, part 2, pp. 562–66. The Sumerian name is Martu.

(London: The British Academy, 1966), pp. 1–52.

Or the Intermediate Early Bronze–Middle Bronze Period, according to Kathleen Kenyon’s suggested terminology.

Others may regard this passage as belonging to “J”. The Prophet Amos characterizes the owners of the land before the arrival of the Hebrews as Amorites (Amos 2:9), while Obadiah considered the land as belonging to the Canannites (Obadiah 20).

In Genesis 13:7, 34:30 and Judges 1:4–5 the pre-Israelite peoples are designated simply as Canaanites and Perizzites. Ezekiel, in describing Jerusalem’s origins, says, “Canaan is the land of your ancestry and there you were born; an Amorite was your father and a Hittite your mother.” (Ezekiel 16:3. See also Ezekiel 16:45.) Thus, it would seem that in varying traditions either Amorite or Canaanite could be used as a designation for the entire Semitic element of Palestine while Perizzite or Hittite could be used for the non-Semitic groups.