Archaeology Odyssey

Toby H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt (London: Routledge, 1999), pp. 60–94.

For the discovery of the palette, see Barbara Adams, Ancient Hierakonpolis Supplement (Warminster: Aris & Phillips, Warminster, 1974). For the date of the temple, see Adams, “Early Temples at Hierakonpolis and Beyond,” in Centenary of Mediterranean Archaeology 1898–1997, International Symposium Cracow, October 1997, (Cracow, 1999), pp. 15–28.

Pindar, Olympian Odes 1.

See Isocrates, Against Lochites 20.9-11 and Demosthenes, Against Meidias 21.45.

Note how the Athenians forbade the successful generals of the Persian wars to erect monuments to themselves; see Aeschines, Against Ktesiphon, pp. 183-186, with discussion in M. Detienne, “La Phalange,” in J.-P. Vernant, ed., Problemes de la guerre en Grece ancienne (Paris, 1968), pp. 127-28; also see Poliakoff, Combat Sports, 112 ff.

Isocrates, On the Team of Horses 16, pp. 2-35.

Aristotle, Rhetoric 1365a, 1367b; and Page, Simonides XLI, pp. 238-239

Tiberius Claudius Rufus’s victory is commemorated on a surviving inscription, Inscriften von Olympia 54/55. For further discussion, see Reinhold Merkelbach, Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 15 (1974), pp. 99-104; and Walter Ameling, Epigraphica Anatolica 6 (1985), p. 30.

The story of Diagoras and his family was often told in antiquity. See in particular Pausanias 6.7.1-7 and 4.24.1-3; Pindar praised Diagoras in a victory ode, Olympian 7, and Cicero tells the story, in Tusculan Disputations 1.46.111, of a spectator who saw Diagoras carried on the shoulders of his sons who had triumphed in boxing and pancratium on the same day at Olympia; the spectator remarked, “Die, Diagoras, for you cannot go up into heaven”—in other words, there is nothing greater that any mortal man could ever have.

See H.W. Pleket, “Games, Prizes, and Ideology,” Stadion 1 (1976), pp. 49-89; and David C. Young, The Olympic Myth of Amateur Greek Athletics (Chicago: Ares, 1984).