Bible Review

See the similar phrase in Daniel 10:16, 18; in both cases, the reference is also angelic.

In North American discussion, this position is best represented by Douglas R.A. Hare, The Son of Man Tradition (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990).

I thank Sebastian Brock, Susan Downey, Michael Fuller, Susan Keefe, Herbert Kessler, Leonard Rutgers and Annabel Wharton for helpful comments on earlier versions of this study, though they are not responsible for the opinions expressed here.

Excerpta ex Theodoto 63, as recorded by Clement of Alexandria. Several gnostic texts found at Nag Hammadi also emphasize the ogdoad (as the eighth day or eighth heaven); see, for example, Gospel of the Egyptians 41, 58; Paraphrase of Shem 46; Testimony of Truth 55; Zostrianos 6; Origin of the World 102–104; Apocalypse of Paul 23–24. These texts are translated in James Robinson, ed., The Nag Hammadi Library in English (New York: Harper & Row, 1977, and later editions).