Biblical Archaeology Review

Biblical Archaeology Review is the flagship publication of the Biblical Archaeology Society. For more than 40 years it has been making the world of archaeology in the lands of the Bible come alive for the interested layperson. Full of vivid images and articles written by leading scholars, this is a must read for anyone interested in the archaeology of the ancient Near East.

Footnote 3 - Was Cain Angry or Depressed?

Targum literally means “translation.” The term generally designates a Jewish or Samaritan translation of the Scriptures into Aramaic. Aramaic, a language closely related to Hebrew, was a major international language in the Middle East from the middle of the eighth century B.C. until the seventh century A.D. Translations of the Hebrew Scriptures into Aramaic were composed from Second Temple times into the Middle Ages. In some Jewish communities the Targums are employed liturgically to this day.

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