Biblical Archaeology Review

Edward Wente, “Rameses,” in D.N. Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary 5 (New York: Doubleday, 1992), pp. 617–618.

John Van Seters, “The Geography of the Exodus,” in J. Andrew Dearman and M. Patrick Graham, eds., The Land That I Will Show You: Essays on the History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of J. Maxwell Miller (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 2001), p. 256.

Donald Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton: Princeton Univ., 1992), p. 409.

Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts (New York: The Free Press, 2001).

Kenneth Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 B.C.), 3rd ed. (Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1986), pp. 243–254.

Edgar Pusch, “Towards a Map of Piramesse,” Egyptian Archaeology 14 (1999), pp. 13–15.

Edgar Pusch, “Piramesse,” in D. Redford, ed., Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt 3 (New York: Oxford Univ., 2001), pp. 48–50. It should be noted that back in the 1940s and 1950s, the Egyptian archaeologist Labib Habachi had excavated in the Qantir/Tell el-Dab‘a region. His reports were only recently published nearly 20 years after his death, but in 1955 he proposed that Qantir was Pi-Ramesses and Ra`amses of the Bible. See Habachi, Tell el Dab’a I, pp. 23–127.

In the early 1940s, Labib Habachi led him to believe that Tell el Dab‘a-Qantir were home to Avaris and Pi-Ramesses respectively. Most of his discoveries were only recently published 20 years after his death and nearly 40 years after his excavations. cf. Labib Habachi, Tell el-Dab‘a I: Tell el-Dab‘a and Qantir the Site and Its Connection with Avaris and Piramesse (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001).

Alan H. Gardiner, “The Residence of the Ramessides,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 5 (1918), pp. 127–138.

Unpublished study by Ellen Morris (“The Consequences of Conquest: A Foreign Population’s Entrance and Acculturation into Ancient Egyptian Society”). Dr. Morris, a professor at the University of Wales, Swansea, kindly gave me a version of this paper some years ago, and at the recent International Congress of Egyptology (September 2004) presented an updated version (cf. Abstracts of the Ixe Congrès des Egyptologues, 6–12 Sepembre 2004, p. 85).