Biblical Archaeology Review

Hoffmeier, Israel in Egypt, p. 114. The break in the text makes identifying the building under construction, but the epithet “beloved of Ma’at” used in Papyrus Leiden 348 is found in Papyrus Anastasi IV 5, 6 applied to the king’s palace; cf. Caminos, Late-Egyptian Miscellanies, p. 153.

Caminos, Late-Egyptian Miscellanies, p. 188.

Richard A. Caminos, Late-Egyptian Miscellanies (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1954), p. 106.

Kitchen, pp. 141–142.

Kenneth Kitchen, “From the Brickfields of Egypt,” Tyndale Bulletin 27 (1976), pp. 141–144.

Tell el-Maskhuta, Tell el-Retabeh, Tell el-Yehudiah, Inshas, Tell Farasha, Tell el-Kebir and of course Tell el-Dab’a, the Hyksos capital. J.K. Hoffmeier, Israel in Egypt (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999) pp. 62–68.

Translation my own, text is found in Alan H. Gardiner, Late-Egyptian Miscellanies (Brussels: Queen Elizabeth Egyptological Foundation, 1937), p. 77.

Miriam Lictheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), p. 141.

Only in September 2003 was the first fragment of a clay tablet discovered at Qantir, and this was a portion of a letter from the Hittite king, Hatusilis III, to Ramesses II. Formal publication of the text is in progress.

I am grateful to Professor Bietak for showing me his excavations and the bullae.