Biblical Archaeology Review

See George M.A. Hanfmann, “Giants,” Oxford Classical Dictionary (3rd ed., 1999), pp. 636–637. See also Adela Yarbro Collins, “Pergamon in Early Christian Literature,” pp. 117, 180–181.

See Collins, “Pergamon in Early Christian Literature,” p. 172.

See Potter, “Pergamum,” pp. 229–230; Radt, “Recent Research,” p. 10.

On the reign of Attalus III, see Potter, “Pergamum,” p. 229. Fränkel believed that the inscription with the decree honoring Attalus originated in Elaia, a city on the boundary of Mysia and Lydia, perhaps because it was found there. The inscription, however, probably originated in Pergamon; see Adela Yarbro Collins, “Pergamon in Early Christian Literature,” in Koester, ed., Pergamon, pp. 163–184, esp. pp. 173–174, note 38.

Kästner, “Architecture of the Great Altar,” p. 141.

Wolfgang Radt, “Recent Research in and about Pergamon: A Survey (ca. 1987–1997),” in Helmut Koester, ed., Pergamon, Citadel of the Gods: Archaeological Record, Literary Description, and Religious Development (Harvard Theological Studies; Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998), pp. 1–40, esp. p. 22.

Xenophon Hellenica 3.1.6. See D.S. Potter, “Pergamum,” Anchor Bible Dictionary Vol. V (1992), pp. 228–230, esp. p. 229.

For more about Jericho, see Bryant G. Wood, “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence,” BAR 16:02.