Biblical Archaeology Review

1 Maccabees 1:20–24; 2 Maccabees 5:15–16.

Ezra 3:12; Tobit 14:5. The Temple was begun in 538 B.C.E., less than 50 years after the destruction of the First Temple in 586 B.C.E. by Nebuchadnezzar.

Avigad, p. 36.

Avigad, p. 22 #7. Kutscher reads phw’ without the definite article; Avigad, p. 6, n. 5. This corresponds grammatically to the Hebrew mlk at the end of the inscription on the Hezekiah bulla.

Nahman Avigad, Bullae and Seals from a Post-Exilic Judean Archive, Qedem 4 (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1976), p. 30. The stamp is found on p. 31 #7.

Yohanan Aharoni, Excavations at Ramat Rahel Seasons 1959 and 1960 (Roma; centro di Studi Semitici, 1962), pp. 7–8, 56–57.

Robert Deutsch, Messages From the Past (Tel Aviv: Archaelogogical Center Publications, 1999), pp. 51, 204–205.

See the circular inscriptions from the 7th century B.C.E. in Pierre Bordreuil, Catalogue des Sceaux Ouest-Sémitiques Inscrits (Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1986) pp. 63–64, #9 and Nahman Avigad, Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1977), pp. 51 #4, 281 #751.

George Adam Smith, Jerusalem, From the Earliest Times to A.D. 70, vol. 1 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908), p. 7.

P.-E. Dion and P.M.M. Daviau, “An Inscribed Incense Altar of Iron Age II at Hòirbet el-Mudeµyine (Jordan),” Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 116 (2000), pp. 1–13.