Biblical Archaeology Review

Ehud Netzer, “Did the Water Installation in Magdala Serve As a Synagogue?” in Aryeh Kasher et al., eds., Synagogues in Antiquity (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1987) in Hebrew.

Virgilio C. Corbo, “Scavi Archaeologici a Magdala,” Liber Annus 24 (1974), p. 5; “La Citta Romana di Magdala,” Studia Hierosolymitana, vol. 1 (1976), p. 355.

Levine, The Ancient Synagogue, p. 69.

Ehud Netzer, “A Synagogue from the Hasmonean Period Recently Exposed in the Western Plain of Jericho,” Israel Exploration Journal 49 (1999), p. 20.

Levine, The Ancient Synagogue, pp. 128, 134.

Except the Biblical manuscripts from the Masada synagogue.

The late Yigael Yadin, excavator of Masada, argued that it was a synagogue even earlier, when it served as a desert redoubt for Herod the Great. However, as Lee Levine notes in The Ancient Synagogue—The First Thousand Years (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2000), p. 59, n. 74, Yadin’s view has not been generally accepted.

Thus the phrase was correctly interpreted by ancient authors such as Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1, 9, 1 (174), Bereshit Rabbah 41 (Theodor-Albeck ed. 411, 1–2), Tanh\uma Lech-Lecha 9.

Ephraim A. Speiser, Genesis (New York: Doubleday, 1964), p. 105.

Pesach Bar-Adon, Excavations in the Judean Desert (Jerusalem: The Department of Antiquities and Museums, 1989 [in Hebrew]).