Biblical Archaeology Review

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 15.121–122.

David Soren, “An Earthquake on Cyprus,” Archaeology38:2 (1985), pp. 52–59.

“It appears that the first impression of the (early) Megiddo excavators was correct and that the cause of the massive destruction was a high intensity earthquake,” Aharon Kempinski, Megiddo (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv: Hakibutz Hameuchad, 1993), p. 208; see also p. 94.

Graham I. Davies, Megiddo (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1986), p. 64.

Kathleen M. Kenyon, Archaeology in the Holy Land (London: Benn; New York: Norton, 1979), 4th ed., p. 188.

These earthquakes occurred in c. 1400 B.C.E., c. 1250 B.C.E., c. 1020 B.C.E., c. 760 B.C.E., 31 B.C.E., 363 C.E., 749 C.E., 1202 C.E., 1546 C.E., 1859 C.E. and 1927 C.E.

The Annals of Thutmose III’s military campaign are carved on the walls of the Temple of Karnak. See James B. Pritchard, ed., i, 3rd ed. (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1969), p. 237.

Mario Liverani, Prestige and Interest: International Relations in the Near East ca. 1600–1100 B.C. (Padova, Italy: Sargon, 1990), p. 59.

See G. Garbini, “L’impero di David,” Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 3:13 (1983), pp. 1–16, and History and Ideology in Ancient Israel, trans. J. Bowden (London: SCM, 1988), pp. 21–32; Jamieson-Drake, Scribes and Schools, pp. 136–145; Knauf, “King Solomon’s Copper Supply,” pp. 170–180; Thompson, Early History, pp. 331–334, 409–412; and Davies, In Search of “Ancient Israel”, p. 69.

See Knauf, “King Solomon’s Copper Supply,” pp. 172–184; Philip R. Davies, In Search of “Ancient Israel” (Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992), pp. 67–70; Lemche, “History of Israel,” pp. 168–171, 183–191; and Lemche and Thompson, “Did Biran Kill David?” pp. 15–20.