Biblical Archaeology Review

Avraham Biran and Joseph Naveh, “An Aramaic Stele Fragment from Tel Dan,” Israel Exploration Journal 43 (1993), and “The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment,” Israel Exploration Journal 45 (1995).

O. Goldwasser, “An Egyptian Scribe from Lachish and the Hieratic Tradition of the Hebrew Kingdoms,” Tel Aviv 18 (1991), pp. 251–252.

Tarler and Cahill, “David, City of.”

Na’aman, “Canaanite Jerusalem and Its Central Hill Country Neighbors in the Second Millennium B.C.E.,” Ugarit-Forschungen 24 (1992), pp. 275–291.

For details, see Nadav Na’aman, “The Contribution of the Amarna Letters on Jerusalem’s Political Position in the Tenth Century B.C.E.,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304 (1997), pp. 17–27.

See Thompson, Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written and Archaeological Sources, Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East 4 (Leiden: Brill, 1992), pp. 331–333; and Lemche, “Is It Still Possible to Write a History of Israel?” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 8 (1994), pp. 184–185.

See Yigal Shiloh, Excavations at the City of David I, 1978–1982, Qedem 19 (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1984), p. 27. However, Tarler and Cahill have recently suggested that the Stepped-Stone Structure was constructed in the 13th–12th century B.C.E. (“David, City of,” Anchor Bible Dictionary).

Kathleen Kenyon, Digging up Jerusalem (London: Benn, 1974), pp. 92, 114–115. See also G.J. Wightman, The Walls of Jerusalem: From the Canaanites to the Mamluks, Mediterranean Archaeology Supplement 4 (Sydney: Meditarch, 1993), pp. 33–35.

David Tarler and Jane M. Cahill, “David, City of,” The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), vol. 2, pp. 52–67.

Niels Peter Lemche and Thomas L. Thompson, “Did Biran Kill David? The Bible in the Light of Archaeology,” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 64 (1994), p. 20.